Ki Hajar Dewantara

Name: Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat
Born: Yogyakarta, May 2, 1889
Died: Yogyakarta, 28 April 1959

Education:
= Elementary School in ELS (Elementary School Holland)
= STOVIA (School Doctor Bumiputera) did not finish
= Europeesche Deed, Netherlands
= Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Gajah Mada in 1957

Career:
= Reporters Sedyotomo, Midden Java, De Express, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer and Poesara
= Founder Tamansiswa Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut (National University Tamansiswa) on July 3, 1922
= Ministry of Education and Culture of the first.

Organization:
= Boedi Utomo 1908
= Founder Indische Partij (political party first Indonesian nationalist wing) December 25, 1912

Awards:
Father of National Education, May 2 birthday made the day of National Education
Hero of the National Movement (Presidential Decree No.305 Year 1959, dated 28 November 1959)

Biography
Ki Hajar Dewantara (1889-1959)
Father of National Education

The founder of Taman Siswa is Mr. National Education. Born in Yogyakarta on May 2, 1889. Birthday, is commemorated as National Education Day. Famous teachings is tut wuri handayani (on the back give encouragement), intermediate mangun ing initiative (in the middle of creating opportunities for initiative), ngarsa sungtulada ing (in front giving examples). He died in Yogyakarta on 28 April 1959 and is buried there.

Born with the name Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat. He comes from a family environment Yogyakarta palace. Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat, when 40-year-old even count Caka year, changed its name to Ki Hajar Dewantara. Since then, he no longer uses knighted in front of his name. This is so that he can freely close to the people, both physically and heart.

The journey of his life truly marked the struggle and devotion for the sake of his people. He completed his primary school in the ELS (Elementary School Dutch) could then go on to STOVIA (School Doctor Bumiputera), but not until the finish due to illness. Then he worked as a journalist at several newspapers including Sedyotomo, Midden Java, De Express, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer and Poesara. In his time, he considered the author reliable. His writings were very communicative, so sharp and able to raise the patriotic spirit of anti-colonial to readers.

Besides tenacious as a young reporter, he was also active in social and political organization. In 1908, he was active in the propaganda section Boedi Utomo to socialize and inspire awareness of Indonesian society at that time about the importance of unity and integrity of state and nation.

Then, with Dekker (Dr. Danudirdja Setyabudhi) and dr. Cipto Mangoenkoesoemo, he founded the Indische Partij (political party first wing nationalism Indonesia) on December 25, 1912 which aims to achieve Indonesia's independence.

They tried to register this organization to obtain legal status in the Dutch colonial government. But the Dutch colonial government through the Governor-General Idenburg trying to prevent the presence of this party by refusing to sign it on March 11, 1913. The reason for refusal is that this organization is considered to evoke a sense of nationalism and mobilizing people to oppose the unity of the Dutch colonial government.

Then, after refusal of registration of legal entity status of the Indische Partij he helped form Committee Bumipoetra in November 1913.'s Committee as well as a rival committee of the Hundred Years' Celebration Committee Independence The Dutch. Boemipoetra Committee's critique of the Dutch government intended to celebrate one hundred years of Dutch country free from French colonialism to withdraw money from the people of its colonies to finance these festivities.

In connection with the celebration plans, he also criticized in writing entitled Als Ik Eens Nederlander Was (If I'm A Dutch) and Een Voor Allen Allen Ook voor maar Een (One for All, but All for One also). If I'm writing contained a Dutch newspaper de Expres's dr. Dekker says that among other things:

"If I were a Dutchman, I'm not going to hold independence parties in our own country that has robbed their independence. Parallel to that way of thinking, not only unjust, but did not deserve to get the natives to give donations to fund the celebration.

Mind to organize the celebration would have been insulted them and now we are also scratching his pocket. Let's go in physical and spiritual insult it! If I'm a Dutchman. What offends me and my friends countrymen in particular is the fact that the natives are required to participate sponsor a job he himself did not have the slightest interest ".

As a result of that essay, the Dutch colonial government through the Governor-General Idenburg sentenced without trial, a sentence internering (waste law) is a sentence by pointing to a place that allowed for a person to live. He was sentenced to dispose of the island of Bangka.

Dekker and Cipto Mangoenkoesoemo compatriots feel unfairly treated. They also publish writings that defended Soewardi pitched. But the Dutch were considered writing inciting people to rebel against and the colonial pemerinah. As a result they are also affected internering punishment. Douwes Dekker is exiled in Kupang and Cipto Mangoenkoesoemo exiled to the island of Banda.

But they want exiled to the Netherlands because there they can memperlajari many things from the remote area. Eventually they were allowed to the Netherlands since August 1913 as part of the implementation of punishment.

The opportunity was used to explore issues of education and teaching, so Raden Mas Soewardi Europeesche Soeryaningrat managed to obtain certificate.
Then he returned to their homeland in 1918. In the homeland he was devoting attention in the education sector as part of the struggle for independence means.

After returning from exile, along with his comrades, he also founded a college of national print, Tamansiswa Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut (National University Tamansiswa) on July 3, 1922. This university is emphasizing education sense of nationhood to the learners so that they love the nation and homeland and struggling to gain independence.

Not a few obstacles faced in developing Taman Siswa. Dutch colonial government tried his way with the Wild Schools Ordinance issued on October 1, 1932. But with persistence fighting for their rights, so that the ordinance was later revoked.

In the midst of serious attention in education in Tamansiswa, he also remained diligent writing. But the theme of his writing shifted from political nuance to the educational and cultural vision of nationhood. The writing hundreds of fruit. Through the writings that he had laid the foundations of national education for the nation of Indonesia.

Meanwhile, at the time of Japanese occupation, political activity and education continues. When the Government of Japan to form the People's Power Center (Son) in the year 1943, Ki Hajar sat as one of the leaders in addition to Ir. Soekarno, Drs. Mohammad Hatta and KH Mas Mansur.

After age kemedekaan, Ki beat Dewantara has served as Minister of Education and Culture of the first. Ki Hajar Dewantara name not only survived as a character and hero of education (National Education father) who was born on May 2 made on National Education, but also established as the National Movement Hero by Presidential Decree No.305 Year 1959, dated 28 November 1959 . Other awards he received were honorary degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Gajah Mada in 1957.

Two years after receiving honorary degree of Doctor Honoris Causa, he died on 28 April 1959 in Yogyakarta and is buried there.

Then by the successor of Taman Siswa school, founded Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum, Yogyakarta, to preserve the values of the spirit of Ki Hajar Dewantara struggle. In this museum there are objects or work as a founder of Ki Hajar Tamansiswa and their work in the life of the nation. Museum collections of writings or concepts and important treatises and correspondence data lifetime Ki Hajar as a journalist, educator, humanist and as an artist has been recorded on microfilm and laminated on the National Archives Agency assistance.

This nation needs to inherit the fruit of his thinking about educational goals of promoting the nation as a whole without distinction of religion, ethnicity, tribe, culture, customs, habits, economic status, social status, etc., and must be based on the values of human freedom. ► CRS, from various sources
*** TokohIndonesia DotCom (Encyclopedia People Indonesia)